Input Output Questions and Answers : Logical Reasoning
Directions (1-5): Study the given information and answer the questions:
A word and number arrangement machine when given an input line of words and numbers rearranges them following a particular rule in each step. The following is an illustration of an input and rearrangement.
Input: 23 walking 19 our 15 streets 16 match point 13
Step I: streets 23 walking our 15 16 match point 13 19
Step II: point streets 23 walking our 15 match 13 19 16
Step III: walking point streets our 15 match 13 19 16 23
Step IV: match walking point streets our 15 19 16 23 13
Step V: our match walking point streets 19 16 23 13 15
And Step V is the last step of the rearrangement of the above input.
As per the rules followed in the above steps, find out in each of the following questions the appropriate step for the given input.
Input: 6 price wholesale 13 inflation falls 16 moderates 9 23
Q1. Which of the following would be the step 3rd after arrangement?
(a) wholesale price inflation 6 13 falls moderates 9 23 16
(b) price wholesale inflation 6 13 falls moderates 23 16 9
(c) price wholesale inflation 6 13 falls moderates 9 16 23
(d) price wholesale inflation 6 13 falls moderates 9 23 16
(e) None of these
Q2. In step III, which of the following words would be at 6th position from the left end?
(a) moderates
(b) 13
(c) 6
(d) falls
(e) None of these
Q3. In step IV, which of the following words would be at 3rd position to the left of 8th from the left end?
(a) wholesale
(b) moderates
(c) inflation
(d) 13
(e) None of these
Q4. In step III, ‘6’ is related to ‘falls’ and ‘13’ is related to ‘moderates’. In the same way ‘9’ is related to?
(a) 16
(b) wholesale
(c) Price
(d) moderates
(e) 23
Q5. In which step the elements ‘6 price 13’ found in the same order?
(a) StepI
(b) StepII
(c) StepIII
(d) StepIV
(e)None of these
Solution (1-5): In every step there are both word and number are shifting .Words are arranged left to right, while number are arranged from right to left.
For words → In each word we have to see the middle letter of word. Like in word ‘streets’ ‘E’ is the middle letter. And in word ‘point’, I is the middle word and so on. And then we have to take smallest middle word first arranged to left and this process is continue in further step.
For numbers→ The word which is shifted to left in each step, we have to see that word. Like in first step ‘streets’ word arranged in left. In word ‘streets’ first word is ‘S’. And numerical value of ‘S’ is 19 according to English alphabet. Then 19 is shifted to right in first step. And this process is continuing in further step.
Input: 6 price wholesale 13 inflation falls 16 moderates 9 23
Step I: inflation 6 price wholesale 13 falls 16 moderates 23 9
Step II: wholesale inflation 6 price 13 falls 16 moderates 9 23
Step III: price wholesale inflation 6 13 falls moderates 9 23 16
Step IV: falls price wholesale inflation 13 moderates 9 23 16 6
Step V: moderates falls price wholesale inflation 9 23 16 6 13
S1. Ans.(d)
Sol. price wholesale inflation 6 13 falls moderates 9 23 16
S2. Ans.(d)
Sol. falls
S3. Ans.(d)
Sol.13
S4. Ans.(a)
Sol. 16
S5. Ans.(b)
Sol. StepII
Directions (6-10): Study the given information and answer the questions:
When a word and number arrangement machine is given an input line of words and numbers, it arranges them following a particular rule. The following is an illustration of input and its rearrangement.
Input: 26 annual 79 rate 58 inflation 39 based 49 monthly
Step I: based 79 26 annual rate 58 inflation 39 49 monthly
Step II: based 79 rate 58 26 annual inflation 39 49 monthly
Step III: based 79 rate 58 annual 26 inflation 39 49 monthly
Step IV: based 79 rate 58 annual 26 inflation 49 39 monthly
Step V: based 79 rate 58 annual 26 inflation 49 monthly 39
Step V is the last step of the above arrangement as the intended arrangement is obtained.
As per the rules followed in the given steps find out the appropriate steps for the given input.
Input: primary 15 food 38 inflation 89 higher 47 commerce 79
Q6. Which element is exactly between ‘89’ and ‘79’ in last step of the given arrangement?
(a) commerce
(b) food
(c) 15
(d) 47
(e) none of these
Q7. What is the position of ‘inflation’ from the left end in the third step?
(a) Fifth
(b) Fourth
(c) Sixth
(d) Seventh
(e) Three
Q8. How many steps are required to complete the above arrangements?
(a) four
(b) five
(c) three
(d) six
(e) There is no such step
Q9. In which step the elements ’79 15 primary’ found in the same order?
(a) Step IV
(b) Step II
(c) Step III
(d) Step I
(e) None of these
Q10. In step III, ‘89’ is related to ‘79’ and ‘79’ is related to ‘47’. In the same way ‘15’ is related to?
(a) 89
(b) primary
(c) 38
(d) higher
(e) None of these
Solution(6-10):
Concepts for words arrangement:- We have to consider the last letter of each word; and whichever is smallest one is arranged in first step. And similarly in second step, last letter of word which is greater than last letter of word which is arranged in first step according to English dictionary is arranged. Arrangement is left to right.
For example→ ‘d’ is smallest in all sets of last letter of words, so ‘based’ is arranged in first step.
Number arrangement→ We have to consider the difference of digits of particular number. And the difference which is lowest, that particular number is arranged in first step. And same process is continued in ascending order from left to right.
For example→ 79 58 26 39 49
Difference of digits in a number⇒ 79 ⇒ 9 – 7 ⇒ 2 (It is a lowest difference among all differences of all other numbers)
Input: primary 15 food 38 inflation 89 higher 47 commerce 79
Step I: food 89 primary 15 38 inflation higher 47 commerce 79
Step II: food 89 commerce 79 primary 15 38 inflation higher 47
Step III: food 89 commerce 79 inflation 47 primary 15 38 higher
Step IV: food 89 commerce 79 inflation 47 higher 15 primary 38
S6. Ans.(a)
Sol. commerce
S7. Ans.(a)
Sol. fifth
S8. Ans.(a)
Sol. four
S9. Ans.(e)
Sol.
S10. Ans.(d)
Sol.
Directions (11-15): Study the following information to answer the given questions:
A word and number arrangement machine when given an input line of words and numbers rearranges them following a particular rule in each step. The following is an illustration of input and rearrangement. (All the numbers are two-digit numbers and all are arranged as per some logic based on the value of the number.)
Input: 15 32 despite the 53 surge cost 22 inflation 43
Step I: the 15 32 despite 53 surge cost inflation 43 22
Step II: cost the 15 despite 53 surge inflation 43 22 32
Step III: surge cost the despite 53 inflation 43 22 32 15
Step IV: despite surge cost the 53 inflation 22 32 15 43
Step V: inflation despite surge cost the 22 32 15 43 53
Step V is the last step of the arrangement the above input.
As per the rules followed in the above steps, find out in each of the following questions the appropriate steps for the given input.
Input: 71 51 while 34 prices 27 were 32 significantly cut
Q11. How many steps are required to complete the above arrangements?
(a) four
(b) five
(c) six
(d) seven
(e) None of these
Q12. Which word/number would be at seventh position from the left end in step IV?
(a) 32
(b) significantly
(c) 51
(d) 34
(e) 71
Q13. In step III, which of the following words would be at 5th position from the left end?
(a) 71
(b) prices
(c) 27
(d) significantly
(e) None of these
Q14. In which step the elements ‘cut 71 prices’ found in the same order?
(a) Step V
(b) Step IV
(c) Step I
(d) Step II
(e) Step III
Q15. Which element is exactly between ‘27’ and ‘32’ in Step IV?
(a) cut
(b) significantly
(c) 51
(d) 34
(e) none of these
Solution (11-15):
Concepts for words arrangement:- We have to count the letter of each word. And the word which is lowest in count arranged first to the left. And this process is further continued.
For example→ ‘the’ –total number of letter=3(which is lowest among all the word given in question) . So this word “the” arranged first to left.
Number arrangement→ We have to consider the addition value of digits of number. And the addition value which is lowest, that particular number is arranged in first step. And same process is continued in ascending order from right to left.
For example→ 15 32 53 22 43
Addition value ⇒ 22 ⇒ 2 + 2⇒ 4 (lowest addition value)
So, 22 is arranged first.
Input: 71 51 while 34 prices 27 were 32 significantly cut
Step I: cut 71 51 while 34 prices 27 were significantly 32
Step II: were cut 71 while 34 prices 27 significantly 32 51
Step III: while were cut 71 prices 27 significantly 32 51 34
Step IV: prices while were cut 27 significantly 32 51 34 71
Step V: significantly prices while were cut 32 51 34 71 27
S11. Ans.(b)
Sol. five
S12. Ans.(a)
Sol. 32
S13. Ans.(b)
Sol. prices
S14. Ans.(e)
Sol. Step III
S15. Ans.(b)
Sol. significantly